teacherken's musings on everything

I am, as I write this, listening to the original recording of the War Requiem of Benjamin Britten.  It was written for the dedication of the new Cathedral in Coventry, the old having been destroyed in a bombing in WWII that the British knew was coming, but when they could not act to prevent it or lessen its effects by evacuation, lest the Germans know that their codes had been broken.  The piece as originally performed was clearly anti-war and intended to be healing -  the lead singers included Englishman Peter Pears (long-time companion of the composer), Russian Galina Vishnevskaya (wife of Rostropovich), and German Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau

The music is powerful.  The text, which combines the war poems of Wilfred Owen (killed in 1918) and the text of the Latin Requiem Mass, is magnicent.  On this Memorial Day, I can offer no words of my own that mean as much as these.  Thus I offer the complete libretto below the fold.  If you ever can, listen to the music with text in hand.  Or with your eyes closed.

THE FOLD

REQUIEM AETERNAM

CHORUS
Requiem aeternam dona eis,
Domine;et lux perpetua luceat eis.

BOYS
Te decet hymnus, Deus in Sion:
et tibi reddetur votum in Jerusalem;
exaudi orationem meam,
ad te omnis caro veniet.

CHORUS
Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine;
et lux perpetua luceat eis.

TENOR
What passing bells
for these who die as cattle?
Only the monstrous anger of the guns.
Only the stuttering rifles' rapid rattle
Can patter out their hasty orisons
No mockeries
for them from prayers or bells,
Nor any voice of mourning save the oirs,
The shrill,
demented choirs of wailing shells;
And bugles calling
for them from sad shires.
What candles may be held
to speed them at all?
Not in the hands of boys, but in their eyes
Shall shine the holy glimmers of good-byes.
The pallor of girls' brows shall be their pall;
Their flowers the tenderness
of silent minds,
And each slow dusk a drawing-down
of blinds.

CHORUS
Kyrie eleison
Christe eleison
Kyrie eleison





DIES IRAE

CHORUS
Dies irae, dies illa,
Solvet saeclum in favilla:
Teste David cum Sibylla.
Quantus tremor est futurus,
Quando Judex est venturus,
Cuncta stricte discussurus!
Tuba mirum spargens sonum
Per sepulchra regionum
Coget omnes ante thronum.
Mors stupebit et natura,
Cum resurget creatura,
Judicanti responsura.

BARITONE
Bugles sang,
saddening the evening air;
And bugles answered,
sorrowful to hear.
Voices of boys were by the river-side.
Sleep mothered them;
and left the twilight sad.
The shadow of the morrow
weighed on men.
Voices of old despondency resigned,
Bowed by the shadow of the morrow,
slept.

SOPRANO
Liber scriptus proferetur,
In quo totum continetur,
Unde mundus judicetur.
Judex ergo cum sedebit
Quidquid latet, apparebut:
Nil inultum remanebit.

CHORUS
Quid sum miser tunc dicturus?
Quem patronem rogaturus,
Cum vix justus sit securus?

SOPRANO, CHORUS
Rex tremendae majestatis,
Qui salvandos salvas gratis,
Salva me, fons pietatis.

TENOR, BARITONE
Out there,
we've walked quite friendly up to Death:
Sat down and eaten with him,
cool and bland,-
Pardoned his spilling mess-tins in our hand.
We've sniffed the green thick odour
of his breath,-Our eyes wept,
but our courage didn't writhe.
He's spat at us with bullets
and he's coughed
Shrapnel. We chorused when he sang aloft;
We whistled while he shaved us
with his scythe.
Oh, Death was never enemy of ours!
We laughed at him,
we leagued with him, old chum.
No soldier's paid to kick
against his powers.
We laughed,
knowing that better men would come,
And greater wars;
when each proud fighter brags
He wars on Death - for Life; not men -
for flags.

CHORUS
Recordare Jesu pie,
Quod sum causa tuae viae:
Ne me perdas illa die.
Quarens me, sedisti lassus:
Redemisti crucem passus:
Tantus labor non sit cassus:
Ingemisco, tamquam reus:
Culpa rubet vultus meus:
Supplicanti parce Deus.
Qui Mariam absolvisti,
Et latronem exaudisti,
Mihi quoque spem dedisti.
Inter oves locum praesta,
Et ab haedis me sequestra,
Statuens in parte dextra.
Confutatis maledictis,
Flammis acribus addictis,
Voca me cum benedictis.
Oro supplex et acclinis
Cor contritum quasi cinis
Gere curam mei finis.

BARITONE
Be slowly lifted up,
thou long black arm,
Great gun towering toward Heaven,
about to curse;
Reach at that arrogance
which needs thy harm,
And beat it down before
its sins grow worse;
But when thy spell be cast complete
and whole,
May God curse thee,
and cut thee from our soul!

CHORUS
Dies irae, dies illa,
Solvet saeclum in favilla:
Teste David cum Sibylla.
Quantus tremor est futurus,
Quando Judex est venturus,
Cuncta stricte discussurus!

SOPRANO, CHORUS
Lacrimosa dies illa,
Qua resurget ex favilla,
Judicandus homo reus:
Huic ergo parce Deus.

TENOR
Move him into the sun -
Gently its touch awoke him once,
At home, whispering of fields unsown.
Always it woke him,
even in France,
Until this morning and this snow.
If anything might rouse him now
The kind old sun will know.

SOPRANO, CHORUS
Lacrimosa dies illa...

TENOR
Think how it wakes the seeds -
Woke, once, the clays of a cold star.
Are limbs, so dear-acheived, are sides,
Full-nerved - still warm -
too hard to stir?
Was it for this the clay grew tall?

SOPRANO, CHORUS
...Qua resurget ex favilla...

TENOR
Was it for this the clay grew tall?

SOPRANO, CHORUS
...Judicandus homo reus.

TENOR
- O what made fatuous sunbeams toil
To break earth's sleep at all?

CHORUS
Pie Jesu Domine, dona eis requiem.
Amen.




OFFERTORIUM

BOYS
Domine Jesu Christe, Rex gloriae,
libera animas omnium fidelium
defunctorum de poenis inferni,
et de profundo lacu:
libera eas de ore leonis, ne absorbeat eas
tartarus, ne cadant in obscurum.

CHORUS
Sed signifer sanctus Michael
repraesentet eas in lucem sanctam:
Quam olim Abrahae promisisti,
et semini ejus.

TENOR, BARITONE
So Abram rose,
and clave the wood, and went,
And took the fire with him, and a knife.
And as they sojourned both
of them together,
Isaac the first-born spake and said,
My Father,
Behold the preparations, fire and iron,
But where the lamb for this burnt-offering?
Then Abram bound the youth
with belts and straps,
And builded parapets and trenched there,
And streched forth the knife to slay his son.
When lo!
and angel called him out of heaven,
Saying, Lay not thy hand upon the lad,
Neither do anything to him. Behold,
A ram, caught in a thicket by its horns;
Offer the Ram of Pride insteam of him.
But the old man would not so,
but slew his son, -
And half the seed of Europe, one by one.

BOYS
Hostias et preced tibi Domine
laudis offerimus; tu suscipe pro
animabus illis, quarum hodie
memoriam facimus: fac eas, Domine,
de morte transire ad vitam.
Quam olim Abrahae promisisti
en semini ejus.

CHORUS
...Quam olim Abrahae promisisti
et semini ejus.








SANCTUS

SOPRANO, CHORUS
Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus
Dominus Deus Saboath.
Pleni sunt ceoli et terra gloria tua,
Hosanna in excelsis.
Sanctus.
Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini.
Hosanna in excelsis.
Sanctus.

BARITONE
After the blast
of lighning from the East,
The flourish of loud clouds,
the Chariot Throne;
After the drums of time
have rolled and ceased,
And by the bronze west
long retreat is blown,
Shall life renew these bodies?
Of a truth
All death will He annul,
all tears assuage? -
Fill the void veins of Life again with youth,
And wash,
with an immortal water, Age?
When I do ask white Age
he saith not so:
"My head hangs weighed with snow."
And when I hearken to the Earth,
she saith:
"My fiery heart shrinks, aching.
It is death.
Mine ancient scars shalls not be glorified,
Nor my titanic tears,
the sea, be dried."


AGNUS DEI

TENOR
One ever hangs
where shelled roads part.
In this war
He too lost a limb,
But His disciples hide apart;
And now the Soldiers bear with Him.

CHORUS
Agnus Dei,
qui tollis peccata mundi,
dona eis requiem.

TENOR
Near Golgatha strolls many a priest,
And in their faces there is pride
That they were flesh-marked by the Beast
By whom the gentle Christ's denied.

CHORUS
Agnus Dei,
qui tollis peccata mundi,
dona eis requiem.

TENOR
The scribes on all the people shove
and bawl allegiance to the state,

CHORUS
Agnus Dei,
qui tollis peccata mundi...

TENOR
But they who love
the greater love
Lay down their life; they do not hate.

CHORUS
...Dona eis requiem.

TENOR
Dona nobis pacem.


LIBERA ME

CHORUS
Libera me, Domine, de morte aeterna,
in die illa tremenda:
Quando coeli movendi sunt et terra:
Dum veneris judicare saeculum per ignem.

SOPRANO, CHORUS
Tremens factus sum ego, et timeo
dum discussio venerit, atque ventura ira.
Libera me, Domine, de morte aeterna.
Quando coeli movendi sunt i terra.
Dies illa, dies irae, calamitatis
et miseriae, dies magna et amara valde.
Libera me, Domine.

TENOR
It seems that out of battle I escaped
Down some profound dull tunnel,
long since scooped
Through granites
which titanic wars had groined.
Yet also there
encumbered sleepers groaned,
Too fast in thought or death to be bestirred.
Then, as I probed them,
one sprang up, and stared
With piteous recognition in fixed eyes,
Lifting distressful hands
as if to bless.
And no guns thumped,
or down the flues made moan.
"Strange friend,"
I said,
"here is no cause to mourn."

BARITONE
"None", said the other,
"save the undone years,
The hopelessness.
Whatever hope is yours,
Was my life also; I went hunting wild
After the wildest beauty in the world,
For by my glee might
many men have laughed,
And of my weeping
something had been left,
Which must die now.
I mean the truth untold,
The pity of war, the pity war distilled.
Now men will go content
with what we spoiled.
Or, discontent, boil boldly, and be spilled.
They will be swift
with swiftness of the tigress,
None will break ranks,
though nations trek from progress.
Miss we the march of this retreating world
Into vain citadels that are not walled.
Then, when much blood
had clogged their chariot-wheels
I would go up and wash them
from sweet wells,
Even from wells we sunk too deep for war,
Even from the sweetest wells
that ever were.
I am the enemy you killed, my friend.
I knew you in this dark; for so you frowned
Yesterday through me
as you jabbed and killed.
I parried;
but my hands were loath and cold".
Let us sleep now..."

BOYS, CHORUS, SOPRANO
In paridisum deducant te Angeli;
in tuo adventu suscipiant te Martyres,
et perducant te in civitatem sanctam
Jerusalem. Chorus Angelorum te suscipiat,
et cum Lazaro quondam paupere aeternam
habeas requiem.

BOYS
Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine:
et lux perpetua luceat eis.

CHORUS
In paradisum deducant etc.

SOPRANO
Chorus Angeloru, te suscipiat etc.

TENOR, BARITONE
Let us sleep now.

CHORUS
Requiescant in pace.


A M E N